Scientific Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Srikaya Leaves (Annona squamosa Linn) Against the Growth of Acne Vulgaris-Causing Bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis

2024-10-16T08:14:35+00:00

Introduction: Acne vulgaris, a prevalent skin condition, is primarily triggered by the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes within pilosebaceous units. However, Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal skin bacterium, can exacerbate acne inflammation upon follicular invasion. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of ethanol extract derived from srikaya leaves (Annona squamosa Linn) against S. epidermidis.

Methods: Srikaya leaves underwent ethanol extraction via maceration. The extract's antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against S. epidermidis at varying concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%). Zones of inhibition were measured, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. Phytochemical screening of the extract was conducted to identify potential bioactive compounds.

Results: The ethanol extract of srikaya leaves exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. Increasing extract concentrations led to larger zones of inhibition, indicating a dose-dependent effect. The MIC of the extract against S. epidermidis was determined to be 50%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids, which are known for their antimicrobial properties.

Conclusion: Ethanol extract of srikaya leaves demonstrates promising antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing acne vulgaris. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of action and evaluate the extract's efficacy in clinical settings.

Exploring the Role of the Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis: A Longitudinal Metagenomic Analysis in India

2024-10-16T08:14:50+00:00

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a complex etiology, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The skin microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health, and dysbiosis is frequently observed in AD. This longitudinal metagenomic study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the skin microbiome in Indian AD patients and explore its association with disease severity and clinical outcomes.

Methods: A cohort of 50 AD patients and 30 healthy controls from diverse regions in India were enrolled. Skin microbiome samples were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterize the microbial communities. Clinical assessments, including SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) and patient-reported outcomes, were recorded.

Results: Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed between AD patients and healthy controls. AD patients exhibited reduced diversity and an overabundance of Staphylococcus aureus compared to controls. Longitudinal analysis revealed fluctuations in the microbiome associated with disease flares. Specific microbial taxa, such as Streptococcus and Corynebacterium, showed inverse correlations with disease severity.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the skin microbiome dynamics in Indian AD patients. The findings highlight the potential role of the microbiome as a biomarker for disease severity and therapeutic targets. Further research is warranted to explore the functional implications of these microbial shifts and develop microbiome-based interventions for AD management.

Unraveling the Genetic Landscape of Psoriasis: A Genome-Wide Association Study in Egypt

2024-10-16T08:15:05+00:00

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex genetic basis. While Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified numerous susceptibility loci in European populations, the genetic landscape of psoriasis in Egyptians remains largely unexplored.

Methods: The study conducted a GWAS in a cohort of 1,200 Egyptian individuals (600 cases and 600 controls) using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array-24 v3.0 BeadChip. After stringent quality control, association analyses were performed using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and principal components. Replication of top signals was attempted in an independent cohort of 500 Egyptian individuals (250 cases and 250 controls). Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to gain insights into the biological relevance of associated loci.

Results: We identified novel genome-wide significant associations in the HLA region (rs10484554: p = 1.2 x 10^-15, OR = 2.3) and near the IL23R gene (rs11209026: p = 3.5 x 10^-9, OR = 1.7). These associations were replicated in the independent cohort. Additionally, we observed suggestive associations near several genes previously implicated in psoriasis, including IL12B, TRAF3IP2, and CARD14. Pathway enrichment analyses highlighted the involvement of immune response, cytokine signaling, and keratinocyte differentiation pathways.

Conclusion: This GWAS in Egyptians has revealed novel psoriasis susceptibility loci and replicated previously reported associations, contributing to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of psoriasis in this population. These findings may have implications for the development of personalized treatment strategies.

The Rising Incidence of Skin Cancers in Young Adults: A Population-Based Study in Brazil

2024-10-16T08:15:20+00:00

Introduction: Skin cancers, historically associated with older populations, are increasingly affecting young adults. This study investigates the incidence trends of skin cancers among young adults (18-39 years) in Brazil, a country with high UV exposure and diverse skin types.

Methods: A population-based retrospective study was conducted using data from Brazil's National Cancer Registry (INCA) between 2010 and 2023. Incidence rates were calculated for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among young adults, stratified by age, sex, and region. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess temporal trends.

Results: A total of 12,560 skin cancer cases were identified in young adults. BCC was the most common (55%), followed by SCC (30%) and melanoma (15%). Overall incidence rates increased significantly for all skin cancer types, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 3.2% for BCC, 2.8% for SCC, and 4.5% for melanoma. The highest incidence rates were observed in the Southern region, followed by the Southeast. Females had a higher incidence of melanoma, while males had a higher incidence of BCC and SCC.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a concerning rise in skin cancer incidence among young adults in Brazil. The findings highlight the need for targeted prevention efforts, including sun protection education and early detection programs, to address this growing public health issue.

The Rising Incidence of Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents: Lifestyle Factors and Preventive Strategies in Bangladesh

2024-10-16T08:15:35+00:00

Introduction: Acne vulgaris, a common skin condition, significantly impacts adolescents' quality of life. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of acne vulgaris has been increasing, particularly among urban adolescents. This study aims to investigate the lifestyle factors associated with acne vulgaris and explore potential preventive strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adolescents (aged 12-18 years) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including sociodemographic information, dietary habits, sleep patterns, stress levels, and skincare practices. Acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between lifestyle factors and acne severity.

Results: The prevalence of acne vulgaris was 68.5%. A significant association was found between acne severity and high glycemic index (GI) diets (p<0.01), irregular sleep patterns (p<0.05), and high stress levels (p<0.001). Inadequate skincare practices, such as infrequent face washing and the use of comedogenic cosmetics, were also associated with increased acne severity (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of lifestyle factors on acne vulgaris in Bangladeshi adolescents. Interventions targeting dietary habits, sleep patterns, stress management, and skincare practices may be effective in preventing and managing acne vulgaris in this population.